Article Terror Attacks against the United States

Terror Attacks against the United States Date Submitted 1998 United States Embassy Bombings in East Africa: The bombings on the United States embassies in East Africa were several attacks that happened on August 7, 1998 in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These attacks occurred simultaneously and involved truck bomb explosions at the American embassies in these countries resulting in the death of hundreds of people and destruction of property. Moreover, these attacks happened on the same date that marked the eighth anniversary of the arrival of the United States forces in Saudi Arabia. The genesis of the attacks were largely associated to the members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad that culminated in the placement of Osama bin Laden among the top ten most wanted fugitives by the United States. These attacks on the American embassies were not only shocking to the world but it also resulted in the understanding of the serious security threat posed by terrorists and terror organizations. Description of the Attacks: On the date of these attacks, suicide bombers in trucks that were loaded with explosives packed their vehicles outside the embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam at around 10:30 and 10:40 am local time. Actually, its reported that these bomb-laden trucks were driven into these embassies around the same time i.e. approximately five minutes apart. This was followed by a phone call from Baku to London shortly afterwards with the previouslyShow MoreRelatedThe Paris And Brussels Attacks1258 Words   |  6 Pageswhen the terror attacks on September 9th 2001 happened. I was too young to full grasp what was happened at the time. I knew it wasn t good by seeing everybody crying, the president was always on TV and the flags were constantly flying at half staff. 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The United States can have fewer nuclear weapons without putting our nationsRead MoreWhat Is Terrorism?780 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the many attacks in France, little change has occurred in the deterrence of future attacks, the Islamic State promulgating these attacks is best understood as a terrorist organization based on radical Islamic views because of its ties to Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden and Zarqawi. According to BBC News there have been over 16 attacks in France since 2012 and 31 terror attacks over all against the West to an article by Brooke Singman from Fox News World. While France is a western democracy itRead MoreOn January 2017 The New President Of The United States1287 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 2017 the new president of the United States Donald Trump signed the order to ban immigrants, travelers, and even green card holders who were born in one of the following seven Middle Eastern countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, specifically Muslims and Syrians. According to what President Trump was saying, this order is made for the safety of the country, and to limit what is called the â€Å"Foreign Terrorism† inside the United States. People who agree with this law believeRead MoreThe Implications Of The Bush Speech - Rooting Out Terrorism974 Words   |  4 Pagesaddress? In the years following the September 11 attacks, United States military action – particularly in the Middle East – escalated dramatically. Bush notes in his speech: â€Å"We will make no distinction between the terrorists who com mitted these acts and those who harbor them† (â€Å"9/11 Address to the Nation,† para. 5). Thus, considering the Middle East was the suspected region of origination of the terrorist groups who attacked the United States, military action increased. Could the military intervention

The Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s Free Essays

string(120) " seems a cruel thing to do, however it made the Rolling Stones produce original and unique music, which everyone loved\." â€Å"If you want to know about the sixties, then listen to the music of the Beatles†. This quote sums up the impact of the Beatles, who have become unaccountably linked with the sixties decade and all that it involved. The appeal of groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones has transcended the generations and created an interest among young people today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is this purely an interest in reminiscence or are there other factors, which have continued to attract fans? At every stage in history, there are a number of forces that contribute to creating the climate for change, and the 1960’s were no exception. For the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s one of these factors was the baby-boomer generation. This was when there was a big increase in the quantity of children being born. This was due to people putting off having children during the war, but now it was over they were able to do so. This meant that there were more teenagers during the 1960’s than usual. So any trends or fads that became popular with youngsters became loved by hundreds. Another factor is that teenagers were starting to have more of an impact in the society and culture at the time. This was mainly because they had more money to spend on clothes, magazines and records etc, so they had more power on what was going to be popular at the time. This resulted in the Beatles and Rolling Stones music being bought and listened too much more, compared to if no one had any money. A further big factor was the advances in new technology at the time, for example television and radio. This meant that everyone could listen to the new music that was appearing and they were able to be the first to find out who was number one – which was essential at the time. There was also the transistor radio, which allowed people to listen to music wherever they were. A cause for the two bands being successful was also about being in the right place at the right time, pure luck. If they had released their singles in the 1950’s, they may not have been so successful because of the popular cultures present at the time. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones also helped to â€Å"knit together a youth sub culture†. They were the ones who encouraged them to live their lives as they wanted too, and not how they were always being told to live, by their parents – they taught them to be independent, and that it was acceptable to be independent. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones brought a new energy and a distinctive sound to their performances, which helped them to match the moods of the 1960’s. The Beatles had an enormous ability to satisfy their fans, and they had a great freshness in each single that they released. The image that youngsters were seeing from the Beatles was young and vibrant – exactly what they wanted to see. They were clearly normal people, with qualities such as humour, charm, wit, inventiveness and cheek. The Beatles also had regional accents – which has not been seen before! They were regular guys trying to make it big – and they did! These characteristics can be seen clearly in some interview footage that we watched, with Paul’s humour and George’s cheekiness, showing that everyone loved them. The people of the sixties loved these characteristics; they felt that they could connect with the Beatles, as they were no different to them. Every song of the Beatles was written by one of the band members, as was the music, which accompanied the lyrics. This meant that they had unique sound and were original, compared to others around at the time. Each song released by the Beatles was enthusiastic and participatory for their audiences, whatever their age, meaning there was not a soul that didn’t like what was being drummed into their ears. This can be seen through the song â€Å"Yellow Submarine† – the fans wanted Ringo to write a song and perform it, so he did. He knew that he wouldn’t be successful performing the song, so he wrote a humorous song. This also shows the characteristics that he had. It furthermore shows that the Beatles were so popular, that they didn’t mind releasing a single that could end in a complete disaster, because whatever they did release was loved! Previous music that had been released was mainly by solo artists, whereas the Beatles was a band, the first â€Å"boy band†. They, along with other bands around, like the Rolling stones, marked the move away from the individual style to the importance of the group. One thing that can be said about the Beatles is their distinctive style. When Brian Epstein became their manager he changed the way they looked, with new, fashionable haircuts and an innovative style of clothes. This meant that they were appealing to every class in the UK – nobody considered them to be too posh or too poor, they were just right, meaning no one had objections to them – not even the older generation who were very much against the changes in culture that were currently taking place. This meant that the Beatles were popular with everyone, meaning they impacted everyone’s lives, with people beginning to follow the style of the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones would never have made it without the phenomenal amount of help they received from their managers, from advertising and commercial success. Andrew Oldham made the Rolling Stones what they were. He was a very dominating manager, and liked to be in control of everything that they were doing at any one time. This can be seen from when he locked the band in a room till they had their own music and lyrics, this seems a cruel thing to do, however it made the Rolling Stones produce original and unique music, which everyone loved. You read "The Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s" in category "Papers" Andrew Oldham was also responsible for the rebel image that the Rolling Stones had during the sixties, this encouraged people to follow in the footsteps of their image ideas, it also encouraged the youth of the century to become rebels and independent. Brian Epstein changed the Beatles from common looking boys to professional looking men. He cleaned up their image, changing it from jeans and T-shirts to suits. This impacted the Beatles in a big way, as it meant that older people, who were previously against the Beatles, were now agreeing with the band, condoling the band and buying their music. This growth in the age range that they were selling to caused a huge increase in their profits, purely because of a change of clothes, instigated by Brian. The Beatles also changed to ensure that they were the profile that the record company wanted, so they would be able to continue producing excellent music. Brian Epstein also encouraged a mass amount of the fans that the Beatles had in the beginning, to bring others to like them. Brian decided that to make the Beatles look massive from the beginning he would give money to people to buy their merchandise and pay girls to scream – resulting in everyone following what these people were doing, known as Beatle mania. This was a very wise move for Brian; at it meant the Beatles became enormous in no time. Brian also set rules for the band that would make more people think they were appropriate, such as don’t smoke in public and always keep your girls in the background. He furthermore had a part to play in who was actually in the band, he was the one who chose the final band, with the last member being Pete Best – Ringo Starr, even though he had no personality Brian thought he fit the band well, and he was correct. In addition to doing all the background work for the band, he produced money for them in times of need; this made the band successful as it meant they were able to do what needed to be done to become big, due to their amazing manager. Brian basically decided where they went, who they saw, whom they spoke too and created advertising deals for them! Without this great input into their career, they would be nowhere. Another major person in the success of the Beatles is George Martin, their record producer, without him their music wouldn’t have sounded like it does. He was the one who sat for hours and listened to the raw music which the band produced and mixed it and made it fit, resulting in it sounding amazing. George also ensured that new sounds were brought into their music regularly, he’s the one responsible for keeping them fresh throughout their careers. He furthermore holds a vast amount of the responsibility for the band being so successful, as he’s the one that actually decided which songs would be released, and which songs would be binned. Without the expertise of George Martin the music of the Beatles wouldn’t sound like it does today! Without the amazing input of George Martin the Beatles wouldn’t have had that fresh, unique sound to their music, it wouldn’t be the greats material it is considered today! The increasing amount of Television ownership and advertisement played a huge part in the fast success and impact of the Beatles. The Television brought the Beatles to a wider audience, on shows such as Juke Box Jury and Top of the Pops. Without these programmes, the Beatles wouldn’t have been known by so many people so rapidly. The Television also meant that the Beatles were impacting more into people’s lives, with live performances of their songs, with their styles and with the attitudes that they are showing their viewers. The mass amount of advertisement that the Beatles received meant that people assumed they were excellent, because they were everywhere, resulting in people buying their music, whether they liked it or not. Without the huge input of advertising on Television and Radio the music of the Beatles wouldn’t have been known throughout the country so much, and wouldn’t have been loved by everyone. The impact of the Rolling Stones and the Beatles was greatly due to their ability to adapt to the changing moods and culture in the sixties. One thing that the Beatles were excellent at was changing with time. They were continually innovative in their music and their appearance, for example; their change in clothing style with the hippies and the change in music style with the increase in drug use – Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds. This resulted in them being loved by everyone, and influencing them on what they were wearing and what they were physically doing. The music of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones was constantly eclectic, experimental and extremist, they were not afraid of the results of their music! For example: the Beatles during the era of drugs released two songs basically telling people to take them: Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds and Strawberry Fields. This showed that they were not afraid to release what they wanted too, and they were experimenting with a different style. They later released Black Birds, supporting the civil rights movement – showing they care about important matters in the world -, which is a great difference to the drug songs they had previously released. Also, to try and bring peace to the world once again they released ‘Back in the USSR’, which was a pro communist song. This shows that they are not afraid of being different from the other bands around; they are willing to take a risk and broadcast what they are feeling. The people of the sixties loved this about the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones, hence their huge impact on their lives, as no matter what the song words were the song was loved. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones were also constantly breaking down barriers in their society, which was a constant feature of the trends of the 1960’s. Barriers such as parents and older people being against anything new, different or independent for the youth of the sixties, but the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were so good that they even managed to get these generations on their side. Other artists that were around at the time were still providing easy to listen to music, but the Beatles and the Rolling Stones took the risk and released what they wanted, rock music! Older generations were initially against this, but because of the factors previously mentioned they managed to get this generation on their side, meaning they were impacting everyone’s lives, and were valued by everyone. Both the Rolling Stones and the Beatles were at the front of new modes of self-presentation, which was a feature of the trends of the 1960’s. The Rolling Stones and the Beatles had their own, unique fashion throughout their careers, both having great influences on fashions at the time. The Beatles were suited, clean-cut boys with mop-top haircuts and The Rolling Stones showed the opposite image; messy, and posing for publicity photographs. This made them very popular to many girls for their bad boy image; this soon made them a teen idol group. The behaviour that they were showing on and off stage began to shock many people in society. One example of this is that they were taking drugs. In February 1967 a raid occurred during one of the regular parties, and police discovered a moderate amount of cannabis. The raid also served as the start of made-up stories, mainly about the appearance and behaviour of Mick Jagger’s girlfriend Marianne Faithful, which only served to increase their reputation for their bad behaviour. It was also rumoured that the raid was delayed on police instructions to allow Beatles guitarist George Harrison to leave, who was among the guests. Richards was charged and a few months later stood trial for allowing drug use in his home. Jagger was charged with possessing amphetamine tablets. Richards was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment and Jagger to four months, prompting this created even more publicity for them. So their actins were starting to create many shocked reactions among the public. This created a great impact, especially on the youth of the sixties. The two biggest bands at the time encouraged them to rebel against parents, relatives, etc and to take drugs. Many saw this as the bad part of their careers, however it all depends on your personal opinion. The Beatles also had a magnificent achievement during their careers, and this was that they were the first British band to break into the American market, successfully transporting â€Å"Beatle mania† to the USA. During 1964 the Beatles swept through the great US cities, drawing tens of thousands to airports just to get a mere glimpse of them. They played for no more than half an hour at each concert, however this hard work guaranteed them star status. A British band conquering America was also a sign of international cultural exchange, and it marked the first of many exchanges between the two countries. The Beatles also made a stand for what the believed in, as they refused to play in segregated audiences, this influenced the people as they saw that it was ok to stand up for what you believed in, and it encouraged different races to mix and become one. The Rolling Stones also made a stand, as they decided to provide music for both their black and their white audiences. In conclusion, both the Beatles and the Rolling Stones had an enormous impact of the people in the 1960’s. They encouraged people to relax and live life as they wanted to. Many things influenced their continuing success, including their normality, their style, their music and their behaviour throughout their careers. The Beatles success can be seen clearly through Beatle Mania, wherever they went Beatle Mania followed. They couldn’t help this; it was a form of real love for them. George said many years later: â€Å"The world used us as an excuse to go mad, and then blamed it on us†, but there is a parallel theory that it was time for the world to go that sort of mad – get down a bit, loosen up and have some fun. This amazing change in the people of the world was hugely down to the distinctiveness, uniqueness and influential music that the Beatles and the Rolling Stones wrote and released. How to cite The Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s, Papers

Factors Affecting Cost of Capital Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Factors Affecting Cost of Capital. Answer: Introduction The cost of capital of the firm is an important aspect of the business which is considered by the management of the company. This capital structure of the company decides the cost of capital of the company which is the return that the lender of the long-termfinance is expecting on the money invested by them in the company. The cost of capital is basically their return of the risk taken by them on investing their money in the company. The cost of capital should be minimized by the management of the company. Low cost of capital will decrease the burned on the on those who are in charge with the governance and they can concentrate on expansion of the company. If the cost of capital is on higher side than less proportion of the profit is left for expansion of the company. Impact of cost of capital on the financial performance of the firm The main objective of creating the organization was to earn some profit by carrying out some business activities by it. The profit earning depends on various factors of the organizations like the quality of the product or services rendered by it, competition in the market, minimizing the cost of carrying out the business activities. The cost of carrying out business is made of different costs like cost of manufacturing, cost of marketing and cost of capital of the firm. The management can increase the profit of the business by simply decreasing the cost of capital of the organization. The cost of capital can be lowered by the management of the company or those who are in charge with the governance by determining the suitable capital structure for the company(S, 2016). Cost of capital is the cost incurred by the company on using the borrowed funds of the outsiders. An organization does not have sufficient resources and funds to carry out the large business activities of the company. The organization has to borrow funds available in the market. For using such funds company has to pay some cost in the form of interest or dividends to the lenders of the funds. Different types of funds are available in the market which has different cost of capital and other characteristics associated with them that have to be considered by the management of the company before borrowing any funds. The equity shares are a cheap source of funds that can be used for raisingfinance from the company but there is the distribution of power to control the company along with each distribution of the equity shares. The equity shares do not have a legal obligation for payment of interest or dividend to the equity shareholders. The equity shareholders are the owner of the company and will be paid dividend out of the profit earned by the company earned during that financial year. If there is no profit for the company the no dividend will be paid to the equity shareholders(Vatavu, 2105). However, in case of a debenture or other long term or short loan is taken from any bank or any financial institution, there is a legal obligation to pay these cost interest irrespective of the fact that there is profit earned in that financial year by the company. This interest paid by the company to the debenture holder or the financial institution will be shown as an expense in the statement of profit and loss account, therefore, will decrease the revenue of the company which will be taxed by the government authorities. This means that it helps in reduction of the tax payable by the company which the equity shares fail to do(Nirajini, 2013). Therefore the selection of the capital structure is the very important procedure for the financial performance of the company. A company cannot raise too muchfinance from the equity shares because it will distribute the control of the company in large proportion despite the fact that it is less risky option from raisingfinance from other long term financial source. In the same way, a company cannot raise too much finance from the debentures and financial institution available in the market because the capital structure will be too risky and the legal obligation to pay interest will increase which will increase the cost of capital too much. Different theories are available on the market that will help in indenting the best capital structure of the company that will keep the cost of capital on lower side. Some of them are listed as follows: Modigliani and Millers Approach Pecking Order Theory Trade-Off Theory Agency Theory. Factors to be considered while determining the cost of capital of the company The capital structure of the company should be a proper mix of debt and equity financing options. The capital structure should be designed as such that it will contribute to least cost of capital for the company. There are various factors which have to be kept in mind while deciding the capital structure of the company. Some of the major factors that can influence the decision regarding the capital structure of the company are as follows: Market condition: the Current market condition is an important factor that has to be kept in mind while deciding the capital mix for the purpose of raising finance. The market can be volatile and if the company is suffering from any scarcity of demand for the product it is manufacturing or selling than the lender will accept high return for taking on investing in the firm. The external market condition such as if the financial companies are growing then they can provide finance to the company at a comparatively lower rate. This will then further decrease the cost of capital of the firm which will increase the profit of the company. but in the reverse case as in the reverse scenario the financial institution will not provide low rate loan to the firm because of the recession of the market, therefore, the best case is to raise a loan from the owners capital(DUSHI). For Example, if the market is showing the high demand for funds in the industry and high return from particular industry than the financial institutions will be eagerly willing to lend money to such companies that are operating in that particular industry. The financial institution that will provide finance at the comparatively lower rate. But if any industry is suffering from the time of recession than a financial institution will have to take is a risk by investing funds in that industry. If the risk is big than the financial institution will demand a high return on the investment, which will increase the cost of capital of companies operating in such industries. Existing capital structure of the company: the Existing capital structure of the company is also very important if the company is planning to raise investment. The current capital structure will be examined properly by the experts and the change in the market condition to stabilize the risk associated with the cost of capital. For Example, if the current Debt and Equity ratio is .30 and it wants to decrease the debt and equity ratio of the company because this Debt and Equity Ratio is too risky in the current market conditions than the management of the company should plan to raise the funds through issue of new equity shares. This will increase the equity capital of the company and then the debt-equity ratio will get automatically decrease fulfilling the requirement of the management decision. If the management of the company has directed to increase the Debt Equity Ratio by .05 than more debentures should be issued or long-term loan should be raised from the financial institutions( Kumar, 2013). Unsystematic risk: The Unsystematic risk is a big factor that should not be ignored while deciding the capital structure of the firm. The unsystematic risk is comprised of two types of risks which are a business risk and financial risk. The unsystematic risk is directly affecting the cost of capital of the company. The business risk includes the risk associated with the decision that the management of the company takes while making the investment decision for the company. While the finance risk means the risk associated with the capital structure of the company. These both risks are mixed together to form the Unsystematic risk of the company(Bhattacharjee). For example, if the company is having higher unsystematic risk that the cost of the capital will be higher the cost of capital of the company can be decreased by decreasing the unsystematic risk of the company. The unsystematic risk can be decreased by the company by managing the investment and capital decision of the company. Understanding the above discussed factors with the help of real Example Some of the ASX listed companies that are considering the above factor while making capital structure decision. APN Outdoor Group Limited is one of the prominent advertisement company operating in Australia and New Zealand is considering the fact of raising finance on the basis of the past capital structure. APN Outdoor Group Limited : APN Outdoor Group Limited is an advertisement company and the capital structure of the company is decided by the management of the APN Outdoor Limited by considering the current Capital structure of the company. The capital structure of the company consisted of Debt Equity Ratio of .39 in the year 2014. This debt-equity ratio has decreased in the year 2015 to .288 because of a decrease in the long-term loan of the company. The company has decided to maintain the debt Equity ratio of the previous year which was .39. This can be done by increasing the long-term loan of the company or decrease the equity share capital of the company. In the year 2016 company has increased the long-term loan of the company to $103 million from$ 66 million. The Debt-Equity ratio of the company that got back to its past rate at .383. Year Equity Debt Debt Equity Ratio 2014 216 85 .39 2015 248 66 .266 2016 269 103 .383 Conclusion From the above case, the cost of capital and various important factors that will influence the capital structure decision are discussed. The report is presented after deep analysis of the journal articles that are available on the internet in this regard. From the above discussion, it is made clear that the cost of capital is the cost incurred by the company by obtaining outside finance for the extension and operation of business activities. The cost of capital should be minimized by the company and this can be only done by fixing a proper mix of the capital structure of the company. The capital structure should consist both outside and inside source of finance. More outside source of finance increases the risk of the company and enough sources are not available from inside sources of finance for the expansion of the company. The sources of finance should be analyzed by the management of the company and suitable source should be selected. Bibliography Bhattacharjee, D. (n.d.). Factors Affecting Cost of Capital. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from SCRIBD: https://www.scribd.com/doc/36913512/Factors-Affecting-Cost-of-Capital DUSHI, G. (n.d.). Factors that Determines the Cost of Capital. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from Preserve Articles: https://www.preservearticles.com/2014120333569/factors-that-determines-the-cost-of-capital.html Kumar, V. (2013). Factors Affecting Cost of Capital. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from Accounting Education: https://www.svtuition.org/2013/06/factors-affecting-cost-of-capital.html Nirajini, A. (2013). Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of the Listed Trading Companies in Sri Lanka. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5,: https://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0513/ijsrp-p1778.pdf S, N. (2016). The impact of capital structure on Financial Performance of the firms: Evidence From Borsa Istanbul. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from Journal of Business Financial Affairs: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-impact-of-capital-structure-on-financial-performance-of-the-firmsevidence-2167-0234-1000173.pdf Vatavu, S. (2105). The Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance in Romanian Listed Companies. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from Science Direct: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212567115015087

Miss Julie Essays - Operas, Miss Julie, August Strindberg, Julie

Miss Julie In Miss Julie, by August Strindberg wrote about the naturalistic view of human behavior. He symbolizes the behavior through animal imagery. The animal image Strindberg uses helps him exemplify his naturalistic view. The first animal imagery Strindberg uses is the dog. Jean uses the dog imagery to describe to Kristen how Miss Julie made her ex-fianc? act before the break-up. " Why, she was making him jump over her riding whip the way you teach a dog to jump." A dog is mans best friend only because a dog is an extremely loyal animal. Having Jean compare what Miss Julies did to her ex-fianc? with what some one would do to a dog shows Miss Julies drive to be the dominant one or the master. Strindberg again uses the imagery of a dog when he has Miss Julie say, "dog who wears my collar" to Jean. Miss Julie feels that her social status is so much superior to that of Jean that their relationship could be compared to that of a master and his dog. The dog imagery in the play is also used to demonstrate the difference in social classes. In the play Miss Julie's dog, Diana, is impregnated by the lodge-keepers pug. Kristen demonstrates Miss Julie's disgust when she says; "She almost had poor Diana shot for running after the lodge-keepers pug." The sexual affair between the dogs also represents the sexual affair between Jean and Miss Julie and how the two of them look down on each other. Jean looks down on Miss Julie for being surprisingly easy to obtain. While Miss Julie looks down on Jean for being a servant of hers and of a lower social class. In the play Miss Julie says that she would have killed Jean like a wild beast and Jean goes on to compare it to the killing of a mad dog. Jean comparing himself to a mad dog also shows how Miss Julie feels that Jean is a sick animal and deserves to die. Like the imagery of the dog Strindberg uses the imagery of a horse. Jean says that, "A dog may lie on the Countess's sofa, a horse be stroked on the nose by a young lady, but a servant." In that quote Jean suggests that a servant is unable to socialize with the upper class, while dogs and horses are. Jean also compares himself to a horse when his master rigs his bell. " I've only to hear his bell upstairs and I start like a shying horse." The simile of comparing Jean to a shying horse also has an ironic overtone, because a horse is a very powerful animal and why should a powerful animal shy to a weaker animal. That shows a good comparison to Jean physical stature and his outlook on the social structure of society that is around him. A horse also symbolizes work and that is Jean main plot in life. The last animal imagery used in the play is that of a hawk. Jean explains Miss Julie what the world looks like from the lower class. "Do you know how the world looks from below? You don't. Like hawks and falcons, whose backs one rarely sees because they usually hover above use." The symbolism of the hawk and only see the under side is actually showing that since Miss Julie is part of the upper class she is able to see the Hawks back. While Jean is part of the lower class and is only able to see its underside. The hawk also represents how wealthy people feel as if they are flying above everyone. Another, symbol in the story about classes is Jeans dream of climbing a tree. The climbing of the tree symbolizes Jean struggle to succeed in life and become part of the upper class. On the other hand Miss Julie also has a dream "I have a dream...I have climbed to the top of a pillar, and I am sitting there without any possibility of getting down." This is the flip side of Jeans dream Miss Julie is already on top of the social spectrum and is unable to get down or mingle with the servants and if she does they all look down on her. Strindberg again uses the imagery of a hawk after Jean and Miss Julie are intimate. This time he changes it and says that the back of the hawk was also gray and that it color was just powder. That signifies

General Clark †Economics Essay (200 Level Course)

General Clark – Economics Essay (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers General Clark Economics Essay (200 Level Course) General Clarks article on plans to help America recover makes a lot of sense and it is a responsible and well thought out plan. On job creation, the article mentions that tax credits will be given to businesses or small businesses that start creating jobs or hire more employees. These credits will be eventually recovered by the government since individuals who work also pay federal taxes, at the same time the government revenue will increase with this increase in its tax base. An increase in Homeland Security budget will mean that law enforcement agencies will be more likely to hire more key individuals and personnel to meet an ever increased need for law enforcement due to terrorism. States will also benefit since he plans to give states grants that will increase their education spending. The tax cuts that were instituted last year will be trimmed back since they have not really helped the economy recover and only a few wealthy individuals benefited from them. Fiscal discipline is required by all governments if they are to be successful. A balanced budget like the ones America used to have in the 90’s is required if we are to decrease federal government reliance on borrowing. It will be a good idea for congress to require every federal budget be a balanced one just like what the states are required to have. Increased savings on the government side will help in times of need or economic slowdown. Also wasteful spending and lowering the expenses the government is currently incurring in Iraq by sharing the costs with other countries will help the government control spending and bring about a transparent and balanced budget. Overall General Clark hits the nail on what is needed at the moment since government spending and huge deficits are what we are currently experiencing. Research Papers on General Clark - Economics Essay (200 Level Course)Never Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasThe Project Managment Office System

The Life of the Roman Poet Ovid

The Life of the Roman Poet Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, was a prolific Roman poet whose writing influenced Chaucer, Shakespeare, Dante, and Milton. As those men knew, to understand the corpus of Greco-Roman mythology requires familiarity with Ovids Metamorphoses. Ovids Upbringing Publius Ovidius Naso or Ovid was born on March 20, 43 BCE*, in Sulmo (modern Sulmona, Italy), to an equestrian (moneyed class) family**. His father took him and his one-year-older brother to Rome to study so that they might become public speakers and politicians. Instead of following the career path chosen by his father, Ovid made good use of what hed learned, but he put his rhetorical education to work in his poetic writing. Ovids Metamorphoses Ovid wrote his Metamorphoses in the epic meter of dactyllic hexameters. It tells stories about the transformations of mostly humans and nymphs into animals, plants, etc. This is very different from the contemporary Roman poet Vergil (Virgil), who used the grand epic meter to showcase the noble history of Rome. Metamorphoses is a storehouse for Greek and Roman mythology. Ovid as a Source for Roman Social Life The topics of Ovids love-based poetry, especially the Amores Loves and Ars Amatoria Art of Love, and his work on the days of the Roman calendar, known as Fasti, give us a look at the social and private lives of ancient Rome in the time of Emperor Augustus. From the perspective of Roman history, Ovid is, therefore, one of the most important of the Roman poets, even though there is debate as to whether he belongs to the Golden or merely the Silver Age of Latin literature. Ovid as Fluff John Porter says of Ovid: Ovids poetry is often dismissed as frivolous fluff, and to a large degree it is. But it is very sophisticated fluff and, if read carefully, presents interesting insights into the less serious side of the Augustan Age. Carmen et Error and the Resulting Exile Ovids plaintive appeals in his writing from exile at Tomi [see  § He on the map], on the Black Sea, are less entertaining than his mythological and amatory writing and are also frustrating because, while we know Augustus exiled a 50-year-old Ovid for carmen et error, we dont know exactly what his grave mistake was, so we get an unsolvable puzzle and a writer consumed with self-pity who once was the height of wit, a perfect dinner party guest. Ovid says he saw something he should not have seen. It is assumed that the carmen et error had something to do with Augustus moral reforms and/or the princeps promiscuous daughter Julia. [Ovid had acquired the patronage of M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 BCE - CE 8), and become part of the lively social circle around Augustus daughter Julia.] Augustus banished his granddaughter Julia and Ovid in the same year, CE 8. Ovids Ars amatoria, a didactic poem purporting to instruct first men and then women on the arts of seduction, is thought to hav e been the offensive song (Latin: carmen). Technically, since Ovid had not lost his possessions, his relegation to Tomi should not be called exile, but relegatio. Augustus died while Ovid was in relegation or exile, in CE 14. Unfortunately for the Roman poet, the successor of Augustus, Emperor Tiberius, did not recall Ovid. For Ovid, Rome was the glittering pulse of the world. Being stuck, for whatever reasons, in what is modern Romania led to despair. Ovid died three years after Augustus, at Tomi, and was buried in the area. Ovids Writing Chronology Amores (c. 20 BCE)HeroidesMedicamina faciei femineaeArs Amatoria (1 BCE)MedeaRemedia AmorisFastiMetamorphoses (finished by CE 8)Tristia (starting CE 9)Epistulae ex Ponto (starting CE 9) Notes *Ovid was born a year after the assassination of Julius Caesar and in the same year that Mark Antony was defeated by consuls C. Vibius Pansa and A. Hirtius at Mutina. Ovid lived through the entire reign of Augustus, dying 3 years into Tiberius reign. Timeline of the End of the Roman RepublicRoman Empire Timeline **Ovids equestrian family had made it to the senatorial ranks since Ovid writes in Tristia iv. 10.29 that he put on the broad stripe of the senatorial class when he donned the manly toga. See: S.G. Owens Tristia: Book I (1902). References Porter, John, Ovid Notes.Sean Redmond, Ovid FAQ, Jiffy Comp.

Odontology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Odontology - Term Paper Example He approaches his victims in public places while feigning injury or disabilities then overpowering and restraining them as he puts them in his car. Several evidences collected included pantyhose mask (which was also used for strangling victims), ice pick, handcuffs and crowbar but the most famous evidence of him doing the crime was the bite mark he left on Lisa Levy’s buttock that linked him to other murders (Saferstein, 2009). Lisa Levy was a student in Florida State University and she was bludgeoned to death while sleeping at the Chi Omega sorority house. The bite mark was actually one of the two bite marks on Levy’s body. There was also another one on her breast. The buttock bite mark proved to be useful because it left impressions that gave the investigators more points of comparison for leading a match in identification. The analysis of the bite mark was a success because the investigator used a ruler to show the scale of the bite mark in relation to Bundy’s . They also analyzed the bite mark by using impressions, illustrations and such. Because of this, Bundy was forced by the court to give a dental impression. Then, the forensic dentist confirmed that Bundy’s teeth were the exact match of the dental pattern that they derived from the bite mark on Levy’s buttock. Bear in mind that people have unique bite marks – no two are alike (Saferstein, 2009).

Vascular Senile Dementia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vascular Senile Dementia - Research Paper Example When people hear these things, they automatically think of their hearts. The fact is, these are the very same problems that cause vascular dementia. Other things that can cause or contribute to vascular dementia are arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, TIA, atrial fibrillation, snoring, carotid bruits, alcoholism, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Dementia means deprived mind and often includes a decline in memory, reasoning, thinking and mental functions. More than three million Americans now have dementia. The age of onset is usually 55-70 and the onset is usually quite abrupt. It often starts with paroxysmal deterioration of intellectual functions and this becomes clearly a succession of strokes and infarcts in the brain. There is often a fluctuation of mental status followed by generalized deterioration(Matteson, McConnell, & Linton pg. 1162). There may also be focal neurological signs such as asymmetrical reflexes, extensor plantar responses, limb weakness and focal signs like twitching plus a small step gate.

How much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play Essay Example for Free

How much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play Essay By reference to three key scenes, shoe how much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play: Act I scene VII, Act III scene IV, Act V scene III The first we hear of Macbeth is when a bloodied soldier looking valiant after battle with great gaping wounds, describes a Great War hero: For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name. Shakespeare uses this speech to show Macbeths loyalty by saying he fought off a whole army and all for king and country. He also said their enemy ran away, then launched another attack and that Macbeth and Banquo fought it off even with their severe wounds: They meant to bath in reeking wounds And they still repelled the second attack, as though with renewed strength: So they doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. We can see from this that Macbeth is a noble, loyal and trusted man, let alone a war hero. After Macbeth meets the witches, his personality begins to change. He becomes consumed with ambitions. In my understanding it was always there, like a petrol station with petrol running everywhere and leaky gas mains (always a fire hazard), the witches just threw in a Zippo. They had given him two predictions: 1) They greeted him as thane of Cawdor Hail thane of Cawdor (which he wasnt) 2) Then as king hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hear after. After meeting the witches, the Kings messenger came to him and named him thane of Cawdor. He is very surprised at this and writes a letter home to his wife telling her about the things the witches had said, how out of the blue he had become thane of Cawdor and even mentioned about becoming king. This is where Shakespeare introduses Macbeths more sinister side: Why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock upon my ribs As we can see Macbeth is starting to think of murder. We get another insight into his character from Lady Macbeth. She says that she thinks that he will be too kind to actually commit murder, and that she will have to do most of it then persuade him: Yet I do fear thy nature it is too full o th milk of human kindness We can see from this quote that Macbeth has a conscience and that his wife believes that he would grieve afterwards. When Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle, a banquet is held. We can se in Macbeths opening soliloquy (a dramatic technique show the audience what he is thinking) that he doesnt want to carry on with the murder as he says Could trammel up consequences By Shakespeares use of the word trammel we can se he is thinking of death and if he could just be done with it and that was it, it would be fine but he knows there will be consequences for killing the king: Hear upon this bank and shoal of time, Wed jump thr life to come This shows that the Elizabethans believed in the after life. He also refers to the Elizabethan belief of the king being chosen by god: His virtues will plead like angels trumpet-tongued against the deep damnation of his taking off Later on in the scene we see that Macbeth doesnt want to go through with the murder and wants to call it off: We will proceed no further in this business And he gives three reasons he is his host as his host He is his kin I am his kinsman and his subject Duncan has been extremely kind to him Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek So to make Macbeth commit the murder Lady Macbeth taunts him and calls him a coward: When you durst do it then you were a man And at this Macbeth wants to do it to prove he is not a coward and we can see this from his next line: If we should fail showing he is thinking about the murder. Although Macbeth can wash Duncans blood from his hands he cannot wash it from his conscience: Will all great Neptunes oceans wash this blood clear from my hand? No Macbeth is duly crowned king Banquo reveals his suspicions about Macbeth in a soliloquy: Thou hast it now king, Cawdor, Glamis, all the wired women promised and I fear thou playdst most foully fort Macbeth holds a banquet and invites every one. After this Macbeth hires an assassin to kill Banquo and Fleance his son. Macbeth seems to be losing his moral standing the further he gets into the play. Banquo sacrifices his life to save his son and Fleance gets away. The assassin shows up at the banquet and stands at the door to give Macbeth the news there is blood upon thy face The murderer then seeks praise for the murder of Banquo: Macbeth then asks about Fleance and is agitated to hear that he is still alive: The worm thats fled hath nature in time will venom breed, no teeth for the time present Shakespeare uses a metaphor to show how Macbeth is afraid of Banquo and Fleance Macbeth then goes to sit down at the table but he thinks his place is taken and when the figure stands up it is the ghost of Banquo. No one else can see the ghost. It is only by Macbeths speeches that we can tell he can see a ghost. Macbeth is very scared and starts shouting but Lady Macbeth calms everything down. In a stage whisper, She calls him a coward and says that it is just like the dagger he saw pointing to Duncans room the ghost vanishes and he calms down and they send every one home saying he will be fine in the morning. Shakespeare usage of a ghost reflects king James fascination with the supernatural and the Elizabethans general belief in spirits and ghosts. He also uses stage whispers sililoquy and the idea of no one seeing the ghost except Macbeth, which could just be him hallucinating. So we are not entirely sure whether there really is a ghost there or the pressure of all the killing has got to him and he has flipped and had hallucinations. After this he is still paranoid and so to stop this he goes to see the witches again and this time the show him three visions. 1) Beware Macduff 2) None of woman bore shall harm Macbeth 3) Macbeth shall never vanquished be Until great Birnam wood comes to Dunsunane hill He is woken up by Lenox and decides to kill Macduff to be safe but he has fled to England to help Malcolm at this Macbeth is so angry he orders the assassins to kill his wife and kids and this shows a complete depletion of his morals. He as ordered assassins to go kill innocent children and women without a second thought. There has been a character reversal and now Macbeth has no morals and lady Macbeth as been driven mad with guilt. At the start, Macbeth would not kill Duncan and Lady Macbeth drove him to it. In the next scene Macbeth is getting hundreds of reports of the English force amassing on the horizon, but of-coarse he had the predications from the witches and feels confident. He doesnt worry about them Bring me no more reports, let them fly all. Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane This shows an air of self-confidence and pride. He even accuses Thanes that ran away of being false which was very ironic as he killed the king then fly false thanes. From his opening speech we can see he thinks he is invincible: The mind I sway by and the heart I bear shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. When his servant comes he is white and pale so Macbeth calls him lily liveried, because the Elizabethans believed that courage came from the liver. When the doctor said that there was no cure for lady Macbeth that she had to cure herself Macbeth insulted him, which is a valid point, as King James 1st didnt believe in doctors. Macduff and Malcolms army burst into the castle and the first wave come to find Macbeth and die until Macduff finds him and they fight. Macduff tells Macbeth he was born by caesarean section and so was not born of woman and he kills Macbeth. In conclusion I would say that Macbeths character changes drastically throughout the play. At the start he is a good and noble soldier who would never betray the king but gets persuaded easily by his wife. Then as the story progresses we see him start to lose morals as he orders the killing of Banquo on his own but is still upset about it, we can see that because of his hallucinations (seeing the ghost). Then he orders the killing of lady Macduff and her children showing he has gone of the scale and is totally evil. Whilst fighting Macduff he is arrogant and spares his life at one point in the fight. So when Macbeth is told that Macduff is not born of women he is shocked and dies a wicked fool. So we see the down fall of such a brave character we saw at the start because of a few predictions and the ambition. For if he saw what being king would do to him I doubt he would have wanted to be king and would have been contented but was tricked by the evil of the witches.

An Inspector Call :: English Literature

An Inspector Call Responsibility n being responsible; a moral obligation or duty; a charge or trust; a thing one is responsible for. Responsibility is very important in the play, because no body was actually officially fully blamed. So Priestley leaves it up to the audience to decide who is to blame, if anyone. If the so-called Eva Smith really existed, and if the inspector was really. Gerald:"That man wasn't a police officer." (Page 62) Birling:"There you are! Proof positive. The whole story's just a lot of moonshine" (Page 70) At the time Priestley wrote this book there was very large boundaries between the rich and the poor where huge. So he wrote this book on responsibility. So from what I know, I think the reason why Priestley used a rich family to base the play around is because wealthy people thought they were on a morally different plane. They felt were not accountable for anything, so Priestly made them vulnerable to show they were human and so had to conform to the same morals and ethics. Sheila: "he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we don't know yet." (Page 26) This gives the play more power, knowing the rich are vulnerable, even though they have threatened and attempted to bribe the Inspector to get out of trouble. Birling: "How do you get on with our Chief Constable, Colonel Roberts? I see him fairly frequently. We play golf together" (Page 16) This extra punch is given because; at the time it was made the rich were still almost invulnerable, they could not be touched by a commoner, and yet in this play a complete stranger - who is obviously less affluent than them, practically demolishes their lives. The life-style of the poor in that era was extremely bad - they worked extortionate hours for low pay and lived I slums. This meant the poor never had a glimmer of happiness: Gerald: "she was desperately hard up and at that moment was actually hungry" (Page 36) The play is the tale of a rich family, that are accosted by a man claiming to be a police inspector. The family members have sometime bad to a woman two of them were called Eva Smith and Daisy Renton. Inspector Goole pulls all of these incidents together and bluffs his way through the family's questions until they believe that it was a singular girl. The family then move through a process of blaming each other for pushing this girl to commit suicide, and thinking that their lives and family name is ruined. Then the family discover that Mr Goole is in

Deconstruction of an Advertisement

COMM 10265 DECONSTRUCTING AN ADVERTISEMENT ASSIGNMENT Sexy Subaru Car Wash Sexy Subaru Car Wash Sexy Sumo Car-Wash Video. flv – YouTube Subaru puts a new Eastern satirical twist on the tradition Western sexy car wash in their advertisement for the Forrester which in place of Heidi Klum or Jessica Simpson sumo wrestlers scantily washing the new vehicle. This advertisement starts off with a dirty Forrester pulling into the car wash with seductive music playing in the background.Most audiences expect a group of supermodels in bikinis to come out and wash the car, however the elderly couple and the audience is surprised to see six sumo wrestlers come out in uniform to wash the car. The sumo wrestlers whip their rags and rub their stomachs up against the car to depict a scene of what the average sexy car wash would be like when sumo wrestlers take the place of bikini models. Give credit to Subaru for taking this substance of style approach to advertising, with the humor doing their cause no harm. What social groups is the advertisement aimed and what social groups are represented in the advertisement?This advertisement by Subaru is aimed at automobile consumers in Canada, as well as an unintentional client base which see the advertisement as an activist-like change to the way car commercials are being produced. Its humorous and non-conformist provocativeness of the ad engages a different kind of audience than the average car purchaser. There is no specific age or gender that this commercial is aimed at, and by replacing supermodels with sumo wrestlers the car is now being advertised more broadly to include women in the target market.Does the advertisement violate or reinforce social/cultural norms? By using sumo wrestlers the Japanese car company Subaru has put an eastern cultural twist to the advertisement and this contrast is meant to be satirical in nature. In traditional western advertisements particularly in the automobile industry the use of a stereotyp ical â€Å"bombshell† would be used to promote products. This is to give the impression that the sleek new product will help you attain these stereotypical man/women of your dreams.This ad violates social and cultural norms by replacing beautiful women who normally would advertise cars with sumo wrestlers, a reference to the origin of the cars manufacturer. In an article published in Motor Authority it was quoted that â€Å"Unlike the bikini-wearing models in other ads, you're not left wondering where the car is†¦If anything your eyes seek out the [car], if only for aesthetic relief. † (Lienert 2011) In this advertisement Subaru Canada is also portraying a sense of Japanese pride. Sumo wrestlers are honored in Japan and by replacing a Canadian or American supermodel with a symbol of Japanese pride, the sumo wrestler.This connects viewers with the pride of a Japanese manufactured car that the ad is trying to sell. What else is the ad selling? Subaru Canada is selli ng a new type of car advertisement which shows deviance to societal norms by changing the image of what people think is sexy. Sex sells is a long standing phrase that can be used to define the advertising industry and before this commercial was released many manufacturers marketed â€Å"sexy† car advertisements using Sports Illustrated swimsuit models or models of a similar stature.Subaru in lieu of the sexy bikini models has chosen to express their individuality by chosen a cultural representation to poke fun at traditional advertising. Subaru takes a humorous approach to the commercial, selling the attributes of the vehicle. The trend of substance over style is now more apparent as consumers are much more educated especially in regards to the auto industry. Buyers are now more likely to be concerned with mileage, service ability/availability and resale value rather than whether or not their ride can get them a date for Saturday night.Works Cited Hall, S. (2011, 11 30). Retr ieved from http://www. adrants. com/2011/11/car-brands-still-using-sex-to-sell. php Lienert, A. (2011, 02 17). Subaru lampoons supermodel ads with sexy sumo wrestlers. Retrieved from http://www. insideline. com/subaru/forester/2011/subaru-lampoons-supermodel-ads-with-sexy-sumo-wrestlers. html Norm (social) . (2012, 11 10). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Norm_(social) Sexy sumo car wash. (2010, 05). Retrieved from

Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay

Over the last 30 old ages the reversal in the worsening decease rate due to infective diseases has alarmed international wellness experts. Dramatic successes in eliminating little syphilis, commanding infantile paralysis and TB, and extinguishing vector-borne diseases such as xanthous febrility, dandy fever and malaria from many parts convinced most experts the epoch of infective diseases would shortly be over. Unfortunately this optimistic forecast was premature as a figure of diseases have dramatically reemerged. Tuberculosis, cholera, dandy fever, pestilence, Avian grippe and malaria have increased in incidence or geographic scope, as have new drug-resistant strains of bacteriums. In add-on freshly recognized diseases, such as AIDS, SARS, Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Cryptosporidiosis, e.t.c. hold emerged. Dr. Mark Woolhouse and his co-workers at University of Edinburgh noted in the diary SCIENCE that â€Å" humanity is presently plagued by 1709 known pathogens ( from viruses and bacteriums to fungi, Protozoa and worms ) † . They concluded that 49 % of those are zoonotic and farther it was noted that zoonotic diseases are three times more likely to be emerging diseases than non-zoonotic diseases ( Cook, 2003 ) . The present planetary outgrowth of infective diseases is clearly associated with the societal and demographic alterations of the past 50 old ages, peculiarly urbanization and globalization, with the attendant spread of pathogens ( agents doing disease ) via septic worlds, hosts, vectors or trade goods. The alteration in the environment caused by human activities is besides evident in the transmutation of much of our landscape and transition of regional systems one time dominated by natural ecosystems. Factors include enlargement into urban or peri-urban home ground, deforestation, and the spread of intensive agriculture. The environment ‘s function in the outgrowth of diseases is evident in the connexions between the direct effects of human alterations to urban and rural landscapes and ecosystems, and the secondary effects on disease outgrowth factors. Developing irrigated agribusiness, for illustration, can make breeding evidences for mosquitoes, a vector for malaria. Likewise the unequal storm drainage and sewage systems frequently associated with rapid urbanization non merely increase the genteelness home ground for disease vectors but facilitate the spread of waterborne pathogens doing cholera and swamp fever. Overwhelming grounds points to human demographic alterations as the major direct and indirect factor lending to the addition in infective disease, with slightly different kineticss and mechanisms at work in urban and rural environments. In the first instance the increasing figure of people crowded into dense colonies has dramatically increased chances for nutrient, H2O, gnawer and vector-borne pathogens to â€Å" colonize † and prevail in human populations. Each pathogen has alone transmittal and adaptative features that determine a minimal population for endurance ( the threshold for rubeolas is about 250,000 people ) . Whether the threshold is 100,000 or a million the figure of big urban colonies and the mean colony size has been turning fast in recent decennaries. The figure of metropoliss of one million or larger was 76 in 1950, 522 in 1975, 1,122 in 2000, and is set to transcend 1,600 by 2015. This 20-fold addition translates to a approximately similar addition in planeta ry infective disease exposure due to this one factor entirely. This type of growing has indirect societal and environmental effects that contribute to multiplying the existent addition in population. Poverty, hapless life conditions, including deficiency of sanitation and substructure for waste-water and solid waste direction, increases chances for vector- borne diseases and others go throughing from animate beings to worlds. The geographic spread and enlargement into peri-urban countries of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, finely adapted for engendering in discarded plastic containers and used car tyres, is a good illustration of how a possible vector of viral diseases has taken advantage of environmental alteration. Lack of sanitation and waste H2O intervention, and industrialscale intensification of carnal production systems the universe over, contribute to alien species, and the proliferation and spread of H2O and food-borne pathogens. Increasingly frequent eruptions of infections are caused by these and other beings, many of which may eat alo ngside or quarry on wild mammals and birds as natural parasites. The taint of surface Waterss and spread of pathogens is farther promoted by the change of catchments and water partings attach toing urbanization, and intensive farming around metropoliss. Imparting watercourses, taking flora on the Bankss, and make fulling in wetland – all of which accompany unplanned urbanisation – extinguish the natural keeping and alimentary recycling systems, every bit good as barriers to come up run-off contaminated with enteric pathogens. Nutrient pollution taking to oxygen depletion in estuaries, lakes, watercourses and even stretches of ocean, such as the Gulf of Mexico, helps such pathogens survive excessively. In rural countries population and ingestion play a less direct function in lending to disease outgrowth, peculiarly as rural out-migration is fuelling the demographic detonation in metropoliss. It is more that urban countries are driving a sustained addition in the lumber trade, agribusiness, stock elevation and excavation, ensuing in bend in deforestation and alterations in land usage that are transforming rural landscapes and natural countries in ways that frequently facilitate the outgrowth of disease. Deforestation or even â€Å" patchy † re-afforestation leads to ecological alterations such as increased border home ground and local extinction of marauders that favour some disease vectors and reservoir species. Invasion of persons and colonies on natural ecosystems brings worlds into contact with known and fresh pathogens. The spread and intensification of farming consequences in the development of irrigation systems, ideal genteelness sites for mosquitoes and a home groun d for timeserving insects and gnawers that may be vectors or reservoirs for disease. Dams provide a favorable home ground for other vectors. Climate alteration represents a possible environmental factor impacting disease outgrowth. Shifts in the geographic scopes of hosts and vector, the consequence of increasing temperature on generative, development and mortality rates on hosts, vectors, and pathogens, and the effects of increased clime variableness on implosion therapy and drouths all have the possible to impact disease incidence and outgrowth positively or negatively. At present there is deficient grounds to bespeak what the net consequence will be one time climate alterations begin to hold a major affect on ecosystems. However, a dominant subject emerging from research on the ecology of infective disease is that accelerated and disconnected environmental alteration, whether natural or caused by worlds, may supply conditions conducive to pathogen outgrowth: pathogen version, host shift, and active or inactive or dispersion. The revival of infective diseases worldwide reflects our quick-fix outlook, with hapless development planning, a deficiency of political finding and institutional inactiveness. It is non the inevitable consequence of development, environmental alteration, or even incremental population growing. On the contrary much can be done to change by reversal the current tendency. Equally good as reconstructing the public wellness substructure for infective diseases, there is significant grounds and a turning figure of illustrations of how regional planning and development, including urbanization, agricultural enlargement, and the direction and preservation of woods and other ecosystems can understate and even cut down eruptions of infective disease every bit good as environmental harm. Basically we need an incorporate attack to pathogen control. This attack will affect engaging societal and economic development programmes, environmental and natural resource direction, with intercession based o n the fresh field of disease ecology and methods affecting community engagement ( Bruce and Gubler, 2004 ) .HUMAN AND EXOTIC SPECIES IMPACTSAdverse human impacts on biodiversity occur in really different ways, such as: habitat-destruction ; overharvesting ; climatic alteration ; environmental pollution ( air pollution, eutrophication, acid rain ) ; commercial trade of ( rare ) workss and animate beings ; debuts of species ; and familial technology.Habitat devastationDestruction of home grounds for al sort of intents, building of roads, canals, dikes and houses is likely the most of import threath to biodiversity. Illustrative are the side effects of some well-meaning international development undertakings. These are sometimes sponsored by international bureaus concerned with such personal businesss and sometimes by the foreign-assistance sections of single giver states. Normally the undertakings are intended to profit one section of the economic system of the recipient state ; but, because ecological advice by and large is non sought and because of the wide consequence of the proposed development on other resources or on the entire environment, the side effects of some of these activities frequently far outweigh any benefits that are derived. An illustration is the Aswan High Dam of Egypt, where the demand to increase the supply of H2O for irrigation and power was considered paramount. The environmental side effects, nevertheless, have been tremendous and include the spread of the disease bilharzia by snails that live in the irrigation channels, loss of land in the delta of the Nile River fro m eroding once the former deposit burden of the river was no longer available for land edifice, and a assortment of other effects. The duty of bureaus concerned with international development to seek the best environmental advice is now by and large accepted, but execution of this duty has been slow.OverharvestingOverharvesting, overcultivation or over-exploitation of natural resources is besides a large menace to biodiversity. This human activity refers to a rate of development or use that exceeds the cycling capacity of the natural resource. Classifying natural resources it has been traditional to separate between those that are renewable and those that are unrenewable. The former were considered to be the living resources — e.g. , woods, wildlife, and the similar — because of their ability to renew through reproduction. The latter were considered to be inanimate mineral or fuel resources, which, one time used, does non replace themselves. Because all natural resourc es in fact organize a continuum, from those that are most renewable in the short term to those that are least renewable, they do non readily impart themselves to a individual system of categorization. It is utile, hence, to analyze the assorted types of natural resources in relation to their cycling clip ; i.e. , the length of clip required to replace a given measure of a resource that has been utilized with an tantamount measure in a likewise utile signifier. From this point of position, renewable resources can be considered as those with short cycling times ( grass, lumber ) and unrenewable resources as those with really long cycling times ( coal, oil ) . Any resource can be unrenewable, nevertheless, if the demand and rate of use exceed its cycling capacity. Illustrative is the international development of life resources, peculiarly the tropical woods of the universe. These woods, which contain many 100s of species of trees turning in diverse mixtures, were spared from development in earlier decennaries because of their unavailability, the comparatively low value of most of the trees for lumber intents, and the limited universe demand. Heavily exploited for particular utilizations were a few species of high value, such as teak, coal black, sandalwood, mahogany, and other furniture forests. Most tropical woods were non greatly disturbed, nevertheless. This state of affairs has changed, and a broad assortment of forests antecedently considered worthless are used for mush, hardboard, and fibreboard or as cellulose for plastics production. With new machines and better transit, it has become profitable to take trees from antecedently remote countries and to transport logs, bolts, wood french friess, or other partly processed stuffs to foreign markets. Faced with a high demand for their wood merchandises, most developing states have been willing to subscribe over lumber rights to foreign companies, trusting thereby to increase their national incomes and to progress the general stuff public assistance of their people. Unfortunately, most of these lumbers contracts contain few or no commissariats for preservation. Forest industries that have first-class direction and preservation records in their place states behave otherwise in other lands. Great countries of tropical wood have been laid waste, dirts bared to erosion, and the wildlife within them destroyed. Because no Torahs are violated in either the exploited or the place state, there is no effectual damages. General international understandings regulating the preservation of such living resources would supply an reply to this job, but they are improbable to be implemented in clip to forestall the desolation of big countries of the tropical universe.Global Climatic Chan geClimate alteration is likely to hold considerable impacts on most or all ecosystems. The distribution forms of many species and communities are determined to a big portion by climatic parametric quantities, nevertheless, the responses to alterations in these parametric quantities are seldom simple.A At the simplest degree, altering forms of clime will alter the natural distribution bounds for species or communities. In the absence of barriers it may be possible for species or communities to migrate in response to altering conditions. Vegetation zones may travel towards higher latitudes or higher heights following displacements in mean temperatures. Motions will be more marked at higher latitudes where temperatures are expected to lift more than near the equator. In the mid-latitude parts ( 45 to 60 ° ) , for illustration, present temperature zones could switch by 150 A ­ 550 km.A In most instances natural or semisynthetic barriers will impact the natural motion of species or communities. Arctic tundra and alpine hayfields may go squeezed by the natural constellation of the landscape, while these and many other natural systems may be farther confined by human land-use forms. Many national Parkss and protected countries are now surrounded by urban and agricultural landscapes which will forestall the simple migration of species beyond their boundaries.A Rainfall and drouth will besides be of critical importance. Extreme implosion therapy will hold deductions for big countries, particularly riverine and valley ecosystems. Increasing drouth and desertification may happen in tropical and sub-tropical zones, and at least one theoretical account has predicted a drying out of big parts of the Amazon.A Ratess of alteration will besides be of import, and these will change at regional and even local degrees. The maximal rates of spread for some sedentary species, including big tree-species may be slower than the predicted rates of alteration in climatic conditions. In many instances farther complications will originate from the complexness of species interactions and differential sensitivenesss to altering conditions between species. Certain species may quickly accommodate to new conditions and may move in competition with others.A Changes in seasons are already being noticed in many temperate parts. Birdsong is being reported earlier and spring flowers are emerging when it was one time winter. In agricultural landscapes alterations in the length of turning seasons may better productiveness in mid-latitudes and increase the possible for cultivable harvests at high latitudes.A Negative impacts may include increased scopes of insect plagues and diseases, and failure of harvests in some parts from drouth or implosion therapy. On the comparatively narrow home grounds of the coastal borders, particularly where these are backed by countries of intense human usage, lifting sea degrees may take to the squashing out of of import coastal habitats.A Rising sea temperatures will farther impact the distribution and endurance of peculiar marine resources. Corals have already shown an highly high sensitiveness to minor additions in temperature, while other surveies have shown dramatic alterations in the distribution and endurance of the Pacific salmon in the late 1990s.A In add-on to doing a warming consequence, increased concentrations of atmospheric C dioxide are known increase rates of photosynthesis in many workss, every bit good as bettering H2O usage efficiency. In this manner the clime alterations may increase growing rates in some natural and agricultural communities.DesertificationAbout 3,6 billion of the universe ‘s 5.2 billion hectares of utile dryland for agribusiness has suffered eroding and dirt debasement. In more than 100 states, 1 billion of the 6 billion universe population is affected by desertification, coercing people to go forth their farms for occupations in the metropoliss. Desertification takes topographic point in dryland countries where the Earth is particularly delicate, where rainfall is nil and the clime harsh. The consequence is the devastation of surface soil followed by loss of the land ‘s ability to prolong harvests, farm animal or human activity. The economic impact is awful, with a loss of more than $ 40 billion per twelvemonth in agricultural goods and an addition in agricultural monetary values. Climatic alterations can trip the desertification procedure, but human activities often are the proximate cause. Overcultivation exhausts the dirt. Deforestation removes trees that hold the dirt to the land. Overgrazing of farm animal strips the land of grasses. Harmonizing to a UN survey, approximately 30 % of Earth ‘s land – including the 70 % of dryland – is affected by drouth. Every twenty-four hours, approximately 33,000 people starve to decease. Desertification create conditions that intensify wildfires and stirring air currents, adding to the enormous force per unit area to Earth ‘s most cherished resource, H2O, and, of class, the animate beings dependant on it. Harmonizing to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the universe lost about 30 % of its natural wealth between 1970 and 1995. Dust from comeuppances and drylands are blown into metropoliss around the universe. Dust from Africa reaches Europe through the Pasat air current, and even reaches US metropoliss. Dust atoms, which are less than 2,5 millionths of a meter in size, are inhaled, doing wellness jobs and have been shown to hike decease rates.Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution or pollution is the add-on of any substance ( foods ) or signifier of energy ( e.g. , heat, sound, radiation ) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can suit it by scattering, dislocation, recycling, or storage in some harmless signifier. A pollutant demand non be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for illustration, is a normal constituent of the ambiance and a byproduct of respiration that is found in all carnal tissues ; yet in a concentrated signifier it can kill animate beings. Human sewerage can be a utile fertiliser, but when concentrated excessively extremely it becomes a serious pollutant, endan gering wellness and doing the depletion of O in organic structures of H2O. By contrast, radiation in any measure is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs usually in the environment as alleged background radiation. Pollution has accompanied mankind of all time since groups of people foremost congregated and remained for a long clip in any one topographic point. Crude human colonies can be recognized by their pollutants — blast hills and rubble tonss. But pollution was non a serious job every bit long as there was adequate infinite available for each person or group. With the constitution of lasting human colonies by great Numberss of people, nevertheless, pollution became a job and has remained one of all time since. Cities of ancient times were frequently noxious topographic points, fouled by human wastes and dust. In the Middle Ages, insanitary urban conditions favoured the eruption of population-decimating epidemics. During the nineteenth century, H2O and air pollution and the accretion of solid wastes were mostly the jobs of merely a few big metropoliss. But, with the rise of advanced engineering and with the rapid spread of industrialisation and the attendant addition in human popul ations to unprecedented degrees, pollution has become a cosmopolitan job. Of all the pollutants released into the environment every twelvemonth by human activity, Persistent Organic Pollutants or POPs are among the most unsafe. They are extremely toxic, doing an array of inauspicious effects, notably decease, disease, and birth defects, among worlds and animate beings. Specific effects can include malignant neoplastic disease, allergic reactions and hypersensitivity, harm to the cardinal and peripheral nervous systems, generative upsets, and break of the immune system. These extremely stable compounds can last for old ages or decennaries before interrupting down. POPs released in one portion of the universe can, through a repeated and frequently seasonal procedure of vaporization, sedimentation, vaporization, sedimentation, be transported through the ambiance to parts far off from the original beginning. In add-on, POPs dressed ore in life beings through another procedure called bioaccumulation. Though non soluble in H2O, POPs are readily absorbed in fatty tissue, where concentrations can go magnified by up to 70,000 times the background degrees. Fish, predatory birds, mammals, and worlds are high up the nutrient concatenation and so absorb the greatest concentrations.Depletion of the Ozone LayerScientists besides fear that the ozonosphere ( or ozone bed of the ambiance ) is being depleted by the chemical action of CFCs emitted from aerosol tins and iceboxs and by pollutants from projectiles and supersonic aircraft. Depletion of the ozone bed, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, would hold serious effects on life beings on the Earth ‘s surface, including increasing frequence of skin malignant neoplastic disease among worlds.Acid RainAnother climatic consequence of pollution is acerb rain. The phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide and N oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels combine with H2O vapor in the ambiance. The ensuing precipitation is damaging to H2O, wood, and dirt resources. It is blamed for the disap pearing of fish from many lakes in the Adirondacks, for the widespread decease of woods in European mountains, and for damaging tree growing in the United States and Canada. Reports besides indicate that it can eat edifices and be risky to human wellness. Because the contaminations are carried long distances, the beginnings of acid rain are hard to nail and therefore hard to command. Acid rain has been reported in countries as far apart as Sweden and Canada. The drifting of pollutants doing acid rain across international boundaries has created dissensions between Canada and the United States and among European states over the causes and solutions of the precipitation. The international range of the job has led to the sign language of international understandings on the restriction of S and N oxide emanations.Eutrophication and OligotrophicationFreshwater ecosystems go through eutrophication or oligotrophication. Eutrophication is an aging procedure in the life rhythm of a lake, pool or decelerate traveling watercourse. When this occurs a batch of dead organic affair settees at the underside of the H2O. It all decomposes and signifiers an evergrowing bed of silt. This can take many thousand old ages to finish. The other aging procedure is known as oligotropication. This is a the entire antonym of eutrophication, it is alimentary hapless. Lakes face to basic sorts of environmental jobs which are: menaces to H2O quality and the impairment of shoreland. Pollution by industries, transportation and hapless agricultural patterns have led to toxic condition of the H2O. Besides changes in temperature lead to accelerated eutrophication. Eutrophication is an overload of different foods in the H2O which put an inordinate demand on the O content of the H2O, ensuing in the chemical-biological decease of a lake. Some of the universe ‘s major lakes presently suffer from such jobs. The effects of pollution on land ( and in H2O ) are to favor small-bodied, quickly reproducing beings that do non depend on complex nutrient webs. The procedure of simplification and poverty is now planetary and affects tellurian and aquatic communities likewise. It is the continuously spread outing consequence of chronic invasions on natural systems by human influences. The poverty threatens all life because it reduces consistently the capacity of the Earth to back up workss. The writers of Foods in European Ecosystems say natural lakes, unreal reservoirs, rivers, coastal Marine Waterss and tellurian ecosystems are all affected to changing grades of badness by alimentary surpluss. In most instances, the harm varies merely by geographic part. Many reservoirs functioning indispensable utilizations such as public H2O supplies and irrigation are among the most affected by eutrophication because they are, of necessity, located near to countries of intense human activity. The study says eutrophication is a major issue in still H2O environments but, even after decennaries of scientific research, there are really few monitoring programmes in being. In rivers, the most widespread pollutant in geographic footings is P, which consequences in the development of big measures of seasonal works growing, taking to other types of impact such as flustered O and pH rhythms, organic pollution and monolithic growing of toxic algae. The study besides confirms that extra ammonium is present in many rivers. Excessive degrees of nitrates, observed in many old surveies, represent a widespread debasement of river H2O and, locally, nitrate concentrations may forestall human utilizations of H2O. In coastal Marine Waterss, the frequence and geographic extent of eutrophication phenomena are increasing, even in marine countries antecedently believed to be unaffected. In tellurian ecosystems, alimentary impacts appear to be serious because of the uncertainness of recovery of the land-based systems, taking to losingss of species and ecosystems. The application of alimentary decrease policies is patchy, says the study. But the writers found it hard to measure the effectivity of these policies because of the general scarceness of informations refering primary causes, emanations and the position of ecosystems. All the necessary datasets are non available at European or national degree, and do non even exist at all in some states. It was merely possible to obtain a little fraction of the bing informations, and this fraction was deficient to bring forth a full appraisal.Commercial trade of works and animate being speciesCommercial trade of life animate beings and workss every bit good as in the merchandises derived from them is besides a terrible menace to biodiversity. Demands by affluent states for certain animate being and works merchandises create peculiarly terrible jobs in less flush states. The trade in endangered species of wildlife is exemplifying. The demand for pelts and teguments of rare carnal species is unnaturally created in the manner Centres of the universe. Monetary values paid by affluent people for these points in flush states exceed the lifetime income of most people in the states from which the leopards, crocodiles, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, and other wild species come. Poachers go to great lengths to obtain these animate beings wherever they can be found, including inside national Parkss and militias. Because effectual policing is virtually impossible, legal and illegal trade in wildlife Begin to overlap, and both become steadfastly established. Exporters of wild animate beings and their merchandises are the terminal links of profitable concern ironss that include far greater Numberss of huntsmans and trappers in distant countries. Furthermore, for each animate being or tegument that reaches a foreign market, many more are destroyed in hunting, caparison, and transporting.Introductions of non-native ( foreign ) speciesA major subscriber to depletion and extinction, 2nd merel y to habitat loss, is the debut of species into new environments. These transplanted signifiers are called exotics. Every debut of alien species that become established consequences in alterations to the having ecosystem. Unfortunately, most of the ascertained effects have been damaging and irreparable by displacing native species, and changing trophic degree construction. Introduced species frequently prey on many parts of an already established nutrient web or compete with autochthonal species for resources such as nutrient or infinite. Without any natural marauders, encroachers can endanger or even extinguish autochthonal species. They besides carry with them the menace of new diseases which can destruct vulnerable native dwellers. In some countries, native species are on the threshold of extinction due to the debut of an alien species. Speciess have sometimes invaded new home grounds of course ( e.g. when land Bridgess have become established ) but human geographic expedition and colonisation has dramatically increased the spread of alien species. Whenever adult male has settled far off from place, he has tried to present his familiar animate beings and workss. Many other species ( e.g. rats ) have been by chance transported around the universe. The first instances were from European adventurers, who frequently released caprine animals and hogs so that later colonisers had an abundant beginning of familiar carnal protein, and colonisers so brought more of the same. Some of our most abundant wild animate beings and workss, particularly those that do good in urban or disturbed countries, are introduced species that have become established. For illustration, the starling, cabbage-white butterfly, eucalyptus tree, mustard, many grasses, etc. Most insect and works plagues are alien species. It is estimated that at least 4,000 alien works and 2,300 alien animate being species are now established in the United States. Many exotics have black effects on native vegetations and zoologies. They frequently leave behind the factors that have evolved with them and that control their population and spread. In their new home ground there may be fewer marauders or diseases, so their populations grow out of control. Prey beings may non hold evolved defence mechanisms and native species may non vie successfully for infinite or nutrient, so are frequently pushed to extinction. Since alien species are self-perpetuating, they can hold permanency unmatched by other menaces to biodiversity including overuse and habitat loss. Exotics are a factor lending to the endangered or threatened position of 42 % of animate beings and workss on the U.S. endangered species list. The spread of exotics replaces healthy, diverse ecosystems with biologically impoverished, homogenous landscapes. For illustration, topographic points with a Mediterranean clime in southern Australia, the U.S. west seashore, Chile and South Africa antecedently had few works species in common ( although they did demo many illustrations of convergent development, taking to similar landscapes ) . They now portion 100s of weedy alien species, chiefly from the Mediterranean part.Familial technologyThe term familial technology ab initio meant any of a broad scope of techniques for the alteration or use of beings through the procedures of heredity and reproduction. As such, the term embraced both unreal choice and all the intercessions of biomedical techniques, among them unreal insemination, in vitro fertilisation ( e.g. , â€Å" test-tube † babes ) , sperm Bankss, cloning, and cistron use. But the term now denotes the narrower field of recombinant DNA engineering, or cistron clonin g, in which DNA molecules from two or more beginnings are combined either within cells or in vitro and are so inserted into host beings in which they are able to propagate. Genetic technology has advanced the apprehension of many theoretical and practical facets of cistron map and organisation. Through recombinant DNA techniques, bacteriums have been created that are capable of synthesising human insulin, human growing endocrine, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccinum, and other medically utile substances. Plants may be genetically adjusted to enable them to repair N, and familial diseases can perchance be corrected by replacing â€Å" bad † cistrons with â€Å" normal † 1s. Nevertheless, particular concern has been focused on such accomplishments for fright that they might ensue in the debut of unfavorable and perchance unsafe traits into ( micro ) organisms that were antecedently free of them — e.g. , opposition to antibiotics, production of toxins, or a inclination to do disease ( De Valk, 2005 ) .

Free Essays on The 1950s

The 1950’s was a time in which American life changed tremendously. It was an era in which art, entertainment, lifestyles, people, sports, science and technology advanced and met peacetime needs. At the end of World War II thousands of young servicemen came back to America to pick up their lives and start new families in new homes with new jobs. At this time of period nobody worried about how they were going to feed their children and keep a roof over their heads, because everyone had jobs and the economy was doing great. Teenagers were having more fun than ever too. They all seemed to know what they wanted in life, to go to school, graduate, get a job, get married, and have children, all in that order just as their parents had. And because of this population arose referred to as the baby boom. The average age of getting married back then was twenty. Now in days it’s much different. Some people get married very young, others when their old, and some somewhere in the twen ties. Also in the 50’s American’s were able to enjoy a much higher standard of living because of higher paying jobs. Sports and games wasn’t very important in the in the 50’s I would say, but rather a thing people did and watched to enjoy themselves. As television became more popular and available, sport stars became recognized. One major and important sport would be boxing. Still remembered today and known as the one of the greatest boxers that ever lived was Joe Luis, also known as the â€Å"Brown Bomber†. Because of his magnificent physique, lightning punches, and stolid calmness he arouse as a professional very rapidly. Another very prominent sport was and still is, would be baseball. In this sport only one famous athlete could be described, Jackie Robinson. He played his fist game with the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking the color barrier that had existed in major league baseball. I assume basketball wasn’t very big back then, but later as time went on got ... Free Essays on The 1950's Free Essays on The 1950's The 1950’s was a time in which American life changed tremendously. It was an era in which art, entertainment, lifestyles, people, sports, science and technology advanced and met peacetime needs. At the end of World War II thousands of young servicemen came back to America to pick up their lives and start new families in new homes with new jobs. At this time of period nobody worried about how they were going to feed their children and keep a roof over their heads, because everyone had jobs and the economy was doing great. Teenagers were having more fun than ever too. They all seemed to know what they wanted in life, to go to school, graduate, get a job, get married, and have children, all in that order just as their parents had. And because of this population arose referred to as the baby boom. The average age of getting married back then was twenty. Now in days it’s much different. Some people get married very young, others when their old, and some somewhere in the twen ties. Also in the 50’s American’s were able to enjoy a much higher standard of living because of higher paying jobs. Sports and games wasn’t very important in the in the 50’s I would say, but rather a thing people did and watched to enjoy themselves. As television became more popular and available, sport stars became recognized. One major and important sport would be boxing. Still remembered today and known as the one of the greatest boxers that ever lived was Joe Luis, also known as the â€Å"Brown Bomber†. Because of his magnificent physique, lightning punches, and stolid calmness he arouse as a professional very rapidly. Another very prominent sport was and still is, would be baseball. In this sport only one famous athlete could be described, Jackie Robinson. He played his fist game with the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking the color barrier that had existed in major league baseball. I assume basketball wasn’t very big back then, but later as time went on got ...